Carbohydrates Basic

Carbohydrates are chemically defined as polyhydroxy aldehydes or:

In the majority of carbohydrates the ratio of H and O is the same as in:

Oligosaccharides are polymers made up of how many monosaccharide units?

Polysaccharides are not sweet in taste hence they are also called:

The general formula for simple monosaccharides is:

The most abundant monosaccharide in nature is:

Monosaccharides with four carbon atoms are called:

Glucose has six carbons and an aldehyde group so it is classified as an:

Fructose has six carbons and a ketone group so it is classified as a:

The simplest ketose containing three carbon atoms is:

Which of the following monosaccharides is achiral?

A tetrahedral carbon atom that has four different substituents is called a:

When the hydroxyl group attached to the asymmetric carbon is on the left in a Fischer projection the configuration is:

The reference point for assigning D or L configuration in larger monosaccharides is the:

Sugars that differ only by the stereochemistry at a single carbon other than the anomeric carbon are called:

D-glucose and D-mannose are epimers that differ only at carbon number:

D-glucose and D-galactose are epimers that differ only at carbon number:

Which configurations of monosaccharides predominate in nature?

An aldehyde can react with an alcohol to form a:

A six-membered cyclic hemiacetal sugar ring is called a:

A five-membered cyclic hemiketal sugar ring is called a:

The carbonyl carbon of a monosaccharide unit that becomes a chiral center upon cyclization is called the:

In a cyclic sugar if the hydroxyl on the anomeric carbon is below the plane of the ring it is in the:

In aqueous solution the interconversion of alpha and beta forms to give an equilibrium mixture is known as:

The specific optical rotation of an equilibrium mixture of D-glucose is:

A common glycoside that inhibits enzymes pumping Na+ and K+ ions across cell membranes is:

If the aldehyde group of glucose is oxidized it produces an aldonic acid called:

Vitamin C is an important aldonic acid also known as:

If both the aldehyde group and the terminal -OH of glucose are oxidized it produces:

Reduction of the carbonyl group of glucose produces a polyhydroxy alcohol called:

Which amino sugar derivative is a part of the bacterial cell wall?

A bond formed between the anomeric carbon of a monosaccharide and the oxygen of an alcohol is a:

Maltose contains two glucose residues joined by which type of glycosidic bond?

Lactose is a disaccharide of galactose and glucose residues joined by which type of glycosidic bond?

Sucrose is a disaccharide of glucose and fructose joined by which glycosidic linkage?

Which of the following disaccharides is a non-reducing sugar?

Hydrolysis of sucrose yields an equimolecular mixture of glucose and fructose known as:

The unbranched fraction of starch containing alpha 1-4 bonds is called:

Amylopectin has branch points formed by which type of glycosidic bonds?

Which component of starch gives a deep blue color with the iodine test?

The major storage form of carbohydrate in animals is:

Cellulose is a linear unbranched homopolysaccharide of glucose residues joined by:

Chitin is a structural polysaccharide composed of:

The earth second most abundant carbohydrate polymer after cellulose is:

The simplest glycosaminoglycan containing alternating residues of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine is:

Which glycosaminoglycan does NOT contain sulfate groups?

In peptidoglycan NAG and NAM are joined through which glycosidic bond?

In N-linked glycoproteins carbohydrates are attached to the amide nitrogen atom of which amino acid?

In O-linked glycoproteins carbohydrates are attached to the oxygen atom of which amino acids?

Which end of a polysaccharide chain has a free anomeric carbon that is not involved in a glycosidic bond?